The Giving Voice program was part of a long history of exploring Black expressive culture at the Festival. The 1975 Smithsonian Folklife Festival featured a program on the African Diaspora.
Photo courtesy of Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archive and Collections, Smithsonian Institution
Rappers and hip-hop artists, such as Roots Manuva (shown here in white hat), are vital elements of African American oral culture.
Photo © Lebrecht Music & Arts/Corbis
Photo courtesy of Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archive and Collections, Smithsonian Institution